Photo Credit: Mikele Dray / Shutterstock
April 8, 2014
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We love the convenience and the comfort they bring us, but some of
our most popular consumer products can come at a heavy price to our
personal health. We all try being careful, removing the known hazards
from our households, yet there are many products that you likely have in
your home that you probably didn't know were toxic. Here are five that
might shock you:
1. Candles.Few things are better
at adding atmosphere to a room than candles. But as those candles fill
the room with warm light, they're also filling it up with harmful gases
and sediments. And it doesn't always matter whether the candle is
paraffin, vegetable oil, or beeswax based. During combustion, all
candles release some soot carbon particles that can lead to respiratory
problems.
But paraffin wax comes with its own problems. It starts
out as a byproduct of petroleum, coal, or shale. After it's extracted
from the mix, the paraffin bathes in industrial-strength bleach to give
it its signature whiteness. However, this also infuses paraffin with
dioxins. Another chemical, Acrolein, a compound linked to the risk of
lung cancer from cigarette smoke, is added to paraffin as a solidifying
agent.
While the candle industry insists that the final product is
inert, studies have shown that the burning of paraffin candles releases
benzene and toluene — both known carcinogens — into the atmosphere. And
even if you buy a high-end candle, it doesn't make it any safer. The
vast majority of candles from retailers like Bed, Bath & Beyond,
Yankee Candle Store, and Crate & Barrel are mostly made from
paraffin.
To add to all this, artificial dyes and synthetic
fragrances are often added to candles, especially those used in
aromatherapy. The recipe varies from candle to candle, but the
fragrances and dyes — which are often synthetic — can contain toxic
plasticizers and solvents, which should be avoided. Also, those extra
ingredients also burn, which means additional soot.
If you can't live without your candles, consider those made of beeswax or vegetable oils, and with natural dyes and perfumes.
While
most candles have all cotton wicks, a small percentage still have metal
wire cores. Before 2003, many of those metal-cored wicks contained
lead, but the Consumer Product Safety Commission banned lead in wicks
that year. Today, these wire cores are mostly contain zinc. But if
you're worried that you have an old candle with a lead-core wick, try
this test: Take a piece of notebook paper and rub it at the top of the
unburned wick. If it makes a mark resembling that of a graphite pencil,
it's likely has lead. Otherwise the wick itself is likely safe.
2. Dryer Sheets.
There are few scents as addictive as warm laundry pulled from the
dryer, thanks to the olfactory magic of fabric-softener sheets. They're
simple enough products, nothing more than thin polyester sheets coated
with chemicals to soften fabric fibers and give clothes that
irresistible scent.
But like with candles, the fragrance found in
sheets from brands such as Downy and Bounce might pose health risks, as
toxins can permeate those sheets and transfer to your clothes and skin.
It is also released into the air from dryer vent emissions, which are
not regulated. And because the fragrances the manufacturers use are
trade secrets, have no way of really knowing exactly what they contain.
A study, published in the August 2011 issue of the
journalAir Quality, Atmosphere and Health, indicates that scented laundry items can contain numerous carcinogens,
including acetaldehyde and benzene.
It's
probably best to ditch the dryer sheets altogether, but there are less
toxic options if you insist on using them. Seventh Generation makes
dryer sheets out of chlorine-free recyclable paper, instead of
polyester. The company also discloses all the ingredients of their
sheets, which includes a plant-derived softening agent. They contain no
fragrances or masking agents.
3. Baby Wipes. Not
only are baby wipes used by most parents to help keep their kids clean
and comfortable, they've become a staple in many households without
small children and used for many things, such as a toilet paper
substitute, makeup removal, and to clean personal electronics screens.
While
there is a lot of misinformation and panic posted on Internet sites
about the actual ingredients of wipes, there are also some real causes
for concern. Some baby wipes contain the compound Bronopol, which is
also found in shampoos and other personal-care products. Bronopol, used
in place of alcohol, is as an antimicrobial agent that can release low
levels of formaldehyde as it breaks down. A volatile organic compound,
formaldehyde can irritate the eyes and throat and cause headaches and
dizziness. It has also been classified as a probable human carcinogen by
the Environmental Protection Agency.
Baby wipes may also contain
phthalates, a common family of household chemicals often used to soften
plastics. You'll often find phthalates in many plastic household
products and toys, but they're also used in some baby wipes to help
soften the lotion and support the fragrance. As the manufacturers of
wipes don't need to disclose all their ingredients, its difficult to
pinpoint which ones contain phthalates. However, SafeMama.com suspects
those that contain perfumes (notably some styles of wipes from Pampers,
Huggies, Johnson's, Rite Aid, and Publix) also contain phthalates.
The
chemical industry maintains that there are no studies to suggest that
routine phthalate exposure presents adverse health effects, but many
consumer, environmental, and medical advocates disagree. Studies over
the years have raised red flags. Phthalates are known endocrine
disruptors, and unlike adults, infants do not have developed endocrine
systems. Even more disturbing, researchers have found phthalates in the
urine of infants whose mothers used baby products containing the
chemical.
The Environmental Working Group, environmental health
research and advocacy organization, has safer alternatives to baby wipes
and other infant-care products on its
Skin DeepCosmetics Database.
They point to Water Wipes, Honest Wipes, gWipes, Kinder By Nature, and
Treehouse Natural Wipes as being far less toxic. They also give high
marks to VADA Wet Wipe Solution, which can be used with organic cotton
wipes.
4. Markers.Permanent and dry-erase markers
from manufacturers like DriMark, Sharpie, Prismacolor and Crayola are
both a favorite tool and toy in many households. But that pungent aroma
they might emit can be a hint to their toxicity. Markers are often rich
in chemical solvents, including xylene, which is a neurotoxic aromatic
hydrocarbon that can leave people feeling sick even after exposure to
trace amounts. You've probably noticed how it can irritate your eyes,
nose, and throat when you first remove the marker's cap. Other common
complaints are headaches, breathing difficulties, dizziness and brain
fog after exposure to markers, even those that are labeled as
“Non-Toxic.”
Xylene is a byproduct of petroleum and coal tar.
Beyond its use in markers, it's used as an industrial solvent. It's also
found in gasoline, rust preventatives, and some paints and varnishes.
It's rapidly absorbed by the lungs and enters the blood system almost
immediately after exposure.
Long term effects from
low-concentrations xylene exposure aren't as clear, but it's recommended
that pregnant women should avoid exposure to markers or other products
that emit xylene fumes.
5. Carpets.As much as you
may love that “new carpet smell” when it's first installed, that famous
scent is actually the carpet off-gassing hazardous volatile organic
compounds including toluene, bromine, benzene, formaldehyde, ethyl
benzene, styrene, and acetone. Routine exposure to these chemicals are
known to cause headaches, throat and eye irritation, allergies,
confusion, and drowsiness. Synthetic carpets that contain nylon and
olefin fibers are typically the worst offenders.
Regular exposure
to significant levels of these toxins can pose long-term problems,
including learning and memory impairment, birth defects, decreased
fertility, and diseases of the liver, thyroid, ovaries, kidneys, and
blood. Benzene is a well-known human carcinogen and formaldehyde is
probable human carcinogen. Some new carpets also contain the
moth-proofing chemical naphthalene, which is known to produce toxic
reactions, especially in newborns. Also, found in some carpets is
p-Dichlorobenzene, a carcinogen also known to produce fetal
abnormalities when tested on animals.
But it's not just new
carpets that cause a problem. While older carpets no longer off-gas
these chemicals, over time dust mites and their droppings begin to
permeate the nap. The droppings cause severe allergic reactions in many
people, and researchers are just beginning to correlate dust mite
exposure to asthma. Household dust can also have high levels of lead, as
the heavy metal still permeates our soil from the days of leaded paint
and gasoline. We also add toxins into our carpets when we walk on them
with our shoes, tracking in contaminated dirt and pesticides from the
outdoors. Also, almost any toxic substance we use at home, from paints,
to bug sprays, to candle or fireplace soot, can settle into carpet
fibers and stay trapped there for years.
If you're not yet
inspired to get rid of your carpeting, investing in a quality HEPA
vacuum cleaner can help remove a lot of the toxins without throwing them
back into the air.
You can also buy carpeting certified as “Green
Label Plus” by the Carpet and Rug Institute, which evaluates them for
low emissions of volatile organic compounds. However, those carpets tend
to be on the expensive side. But a good alternative to wall-to-wall
carpeting is to use area rugs made of natural fibers such as hemp and
corn husks that can be removed from a room to be washed or beaten
outdoors. And you don't have to go to a specialty retailer for these
rugs. Large retailers such as Wayfair, Overstock.com, Home Depot, and
Staples sell both types of rugs.
Cliff Weathers covers
environmental and consumer issues for AlterNet. He is a former Deputy
Editor at Consumer Reports. His work has also appeared in Car and
Driver, Playboy, and Detroit Monthly among other publications. Follow
him on Twitter @cliffweathers.
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